Freight forwarder contract
The limits of unilateral choice of forum clauses
A forum selection clause unilaterally inserted by a party into an email or invoice is ineffective if there is no express acceptance by the other party.
Cooperation agreement, Forum clause
Conflicting choice of forum clauses contained in a contract and its general terms and conditions: which clause prevails?
A choice of forum clause contained in the contract itself prevails over conflicting clauses contained in the parties’ general terms and conditions.
Arbitration, Loan agreement
Arbitration or state courts? The material limits of an arbitration clause that concerns the interpretation and application of a contract
Legal proceedings initiated in order to enforce a loan contract fell outside the (narrow) scope of an arbitration clause that was limited to the interpretation and application of the relevant agreement.